Method & sources

Standards and reference frameworks

The radar draws on published international and national frameworks and reports. This page shows what we take from each source and the limits of doing so. Every figure carries a source badge; open it to see the source, its type, the confidence in it and when it was last reviewed.

How do our levels relate to international frameworks?

An indicative editorial crosswalk, not a direct mapping: the frameworks describe different things, and the correspondence helps reading without conferring any certified level.

Radar levels against SFIA 9 and DigComp 2.2
Radar levelSFIA 9 responsibility levelsDigComp 2.2 band and levels
AwarenessYou understand the fundamentals and can describe the concepts with confidence.SFIA 1–2FoundationDigComp 1–2
ApplicationYou apply the skill with some guidance in routine situations.SFIA 3IntermediateDigComp 3–4
ProficiencyYou apply the skill independently in complex situations and share your knowledge.SFIA 4–5AdvancedDigComp 5–6
LeadershipYou lead the practice, set standards and guide others.SFIA 6–7Highly specialisedDigComp 7–8
SFIA 9 describes responsibility at work on 7 levels, and DigComp 2.2 defines 8 levels per competence, grouped into 4 bands. The radar’s levels are a self-assessment for development, and their thresholds are editorial, as explained on the methodology page.

Skills reference frameworks

Frameworks that describe skills and their levels, which guide how we built the domains, skills and levels.

SFIA 9

SFIA Foundation

  • 147 skills
  • 7 levels

The most widely used global reference for digital-work skills and levels of responsibility. We use it as the reference for role codes in the role library, and align our levels with its levels as an indicative editorial crosswalk.

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EU DigComp framework

European Commission, Joint Research Centre

  • 5 areas
  • 21 competences
  • 8 levels
  • 4 bands
  • 4 levels

The European reference framework for citizens’ digital competence. Its four bands in DigComp 2.2 and four levels in DigComp 3.0 resemble our four levels in shape, but the correspondence is an indicative editorial crosswalk, not a direct mapping.

Limits: It describes citizens’ competence in general, not work skills in a government role.

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UNESCO Digital Literacy Global Framework

UNESCO Institute for Statistics

  • 7 areas
  • 26 competences
  • Indicator 4.4.2

A global reference framework built on DigComp for measuring digital literacy across countries, within the Sustainable Development Goal indicators.

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ESCO: European Skills, Competences, Qualifications and Occupations

European Commission

  • 13,939

An open European dictionary that links skills to occupations and qualifications with standard multilingual labels.

Publisher’s home page(opens in a new tab)

ITU digital skills tiers

International Telecommunication Union

  • 3 tiers

A classification used by international indicators to describe how widespread digital skills are in a population, from basic use to specialist skills.

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National occupational standards for data and AI

Saudi Data and AI Authority (SDAIA)

A national reference for the competences required in data and AI jobs, which guides our “AI & Data” domain.

Publisher’s home page(opens in a new tab)

Qatar Digital Skills Framework

Ministry of Communications and IT, Qatar

  • 115 skills · 4 levels

A recent national framework in the region, cited for regional comparison only.

Publisher’s home page(opens in a new tab)

Reports and signals

Reports from which we read the direction of skills demand. Each source’s type shows on its badge: an international report is not a survey, and neither is commercial platform data.

The Future of Jobs Report 2025

World Economic Forum

  • 39%
  • 1,000+

Among the fastest-growing skills in employers’ expectations: AI and big data, networks and cybersecurity, and technological literacy.

Limits: A global employer survey; it does not describe the Saudi government sector specifically.

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Generative AI and Jobs 2025

International Labour Organization

  • 1 in 4

The report finds that exposure to generative AI mostly means tasks are transformed rather than jobs disappearing, with clerical tasks the most exposed.

Framework for Digital Talent and Skills in the Public Sector

OECD (2021)

It sets out the digital skills every public servant needs, the professional skills of specialists and the leadership skills for digital transformation; it is the international reference closest to the radar’s role categories.

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UN E-Government Survey 2024

UN DESA

  • 193 countries
  • 6th

It links digital-government progress to human capital and highlights investment in the digital skills of employees and citizens.

Limits: It measures a country’s e-government readiness, not employee skill directly.

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Global Skills Report 2025

Coursera

  • +195%

A signal of learners’ interest in generative AI on a commercial learning platform.

Limits: Platform enrollment data, not labour-market demand.

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Skills on the Rise 2025

LinkedIn

  • #1

A signal that AI literacy is rising among the skills sought in jobs posted on the platform.

Limits: Data from one platform; it does not represent the government sector.

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Related international indices

Indices that measure digital government at country level. They relate to the radar’s domains, but they do not measure employee skill and do not prove this tool’s effect.

GovTech Maturity Index (GTMI)

World Bank

  • 4 components
  • 198 economies

Its enablers component includes indicators on public-sector digital-skills programs.

Limits: It measures GovTech maturity, not the effect of training on productivity.

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OECD Digital Government Index (DGI)

OECD

  • 6 dimensions

Its dimensions are close to the radar’s domains: a data-driven, user-driven, platform-based and proactive government.

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UN E-Government Development Index (EGDI)

United Nations

  • 6th

It supports the link to the quality and accessibility of digital services and beneficiary participation.

Limits: It does not measure employee skill directly.

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ITU Global Cybersecurity Index (GCI)

International Telecommunication Union

  • 5 pillars
  • 194 countries

Its capacity-development pillar anchors the “Cybersecurity & Digital Trust” domain.

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IMD World Digital Competitiveness Ranking

IMD World Competitiveness Center

  • 3 factors

It places knowledge, training and future readiness in the context of national competitiveness.

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Every skill has its own record

The skill registry describes 40 skills with a definition, an example task, an evidence basis and a review date, linked to the self-assessment statements and development plans.

Evidence register

Every figure in the tool in one table: its source, type, confidence and last review date.

Open the evidence register

Start your self-assessment

It helps you explore your development priorities across the eight domains, for development only.